Somatic cells of the human body are capable of many mitotic divisions.Thanks to this feature of our body, it can be independent for a long time in the external environment, it can restore damaged tissues or dead cells.
Unfortunately, the number of these sections is strictly limited and individual for each person.In this regard, after reaching old age, various diseases begin to appear.It is considered one of the most common without arthrosis, because it is the pain syndrome that accompanies this pathology, which significantly reduces the patient's quality of life.
Omarthrosis or arthrosis of the shoulder joint is a serious problem that interferes with normal work and daily tasks.It is this disease that will be discussed below;We will analyze the causes of arthrosis of the shoulder joint, the symptoms and treatment of this unpleasant pathology.
What is this?
Shoulder arthrosis is accompanied by a violation of the normal blood supply of this important bone joint, as a result of which the thickness of the cartilage tissue decreases and the bone head is exposed.Due to friction, a person, depending on the degree, can manifest itself only during physical activity or even at rest.
Due to the injury of the surrounding anatomical structures, an inflammatory process is observed, exacerbating the decrease in the amplitude of active and passive movements in the upper extremity.The lack of proper treatment often leads to a combination of the process with a joint deformation called osteoarthritis deformans.
Anatomy of the shoulder joint
The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint;It is this structure that allows a person to perform various movements with the upper extremity.In this anatomical region, three large bones come together, including the scapula, the clavicle and the humerus itself.The joint capsule is very deep and strengthened by a complex of ligaments.
Due to some anatomical features of the structure of the shoulder joint, there are frequent cases of spontaneous dislocations and subluxations in this area during daily work at home.Movement and various movements not only contribute to the spherical shape of the articular surfaces, but also to the presence of a large amount of special synovial fluid, which reduces the friction between the surfaces.
Causes of arthrosis of the shoulder joint
The disease presented in the article develops as a result of the influence of a whole complex of provoking factors.Clinical studies conducted in a number of leading research institutes allowed to reliably determine the pathophysiological mechanism of the appearance of changes in bone and cartilage tissue during arthrosis.However, reliable "triggers" have never been identified.
In most cases, this degenerative disease produces after some pathogenic effect on the shoulder joint.
A retrospective analysis of the medical history of patients with this pathology in the shoulder joint area made it possible to determine the effects that can significantly increase the probability of the occurrence of the disease.
These include:
- excessive physical activity that causes physical thinning of articular surfaces;
- often falls on the upper limbs and other injuries;
- occupational hazards;
- congenital connective tissue pathologies;
- Mineral metabolism accompanied by the appearance of crystalloid deposits on the head of the humerus;
- decrease in synovial fluid production;
- age-related changes in the structure of the vascular wall, causing dystrophic changes in the bone;
- Lack of proper drug therapy in the presence of an acute or chronic inflammatory process in the joint space;
- pathologies of the nervous system with insufficient trophism of the musculoskeletal system;
- high weight, constant swelling of the upper extremities;
- endocrine system diseases.
Shoulder arthrosis
Depending on the causes of development, the modern medical classification of arthrosis of the shoulder joint distinguishes two forms - primary and secondary.In the primary case, the diagnosis is established only after full diagnostic measures have been carried out for the presence of the beginning of the onset of the disease.The starting point in pathogenesis is the deterioration of systemic blood flow against the background of myocardial contractility or a decrease in vascular wall permeability.
Over time, a person begins to notice the appearance of unpleasant sensations during movements in the shoulder.At first, anxiety is present during anxiety and then disappears during relaxation.Another reason contributing to the rapid progression of the disease is the appearance of so-called osteophytes.These bone waves are caused by a compensatory increase in the activity of chondroclasts to increase the loss of mature cartilage cells.When they move, there is the appearance of a spike, which contributes to the injury of the capsule and the formation of an aseptic inflammatory process.
Against the background of the described changes, fibrin threads appear in the synovial fluid, during a long rest, they carry the ligamentous apparatus.Due to the decrease in the elasticity of white muscle fibers, a characteristic feeling of "stiffness" usually disappears after 20-30 minutes of gentle development.Shoulder arthrosis includes symptoms, their intensity and treatment are directly proportional to the degree of the developing process.
Moderate arthrosis of the shoulder joint
The secondary form of this disease is the result of the presence of the main pathology, a pathology complicated by disorders in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system.Among the causes, traumatic injuries of an acute or chronic nature are in the first place.This problem is especially relevant when a person often falls, when a person falls, he fists his hand to soften his hand.
Enzymopathies are congenital diseases accompanied by a decrease in the production of special enzymes that make up the ligamentous apparatus and can lead to the development of secondary arthrosis of the shoulder joint.It is these patients who often experience dislocations and subluxations during daily activities.The gap in this bone joint contributes to increased trauma to the contact surfaces where the disease occurs.
Symptoms and signs
Shoulder arthrosis has complex symptoms and treatment;Due to some features of the characteristic signs, its detection often occurs at the later stages of the development of the pathological process.Experts distinguish three degrees of destruction of fracture tissue in the upper extremity girdle.In accordance with them, the symptom complex found in the patient will also differ.
With stage 1 disease, a person rarely feels pain in the shoulder;Most often there is discomfort in the limb during or immediately after heavy physical exercise.In such cases, the patient needs a few days to recover, and it is necessary to completely get rid of the discomfort in the joint.As a person sees it, as it turns out, his pain tends to be a manifestation of something simple, this is a spray of the ligament apparatus, reminding himself more and more of the disease itself.
Arthrosis of the shoulder joint of the 2nd degree is accompanied by a brighter clinical picture.This is due to erosion and normal nutrition of normal inflammation, secondary inflammation and spread to the surrounding muscle fibers.The disease causes the pain to be small even physically.Due to severe pain, the patient cannot perform circular movements, which indicates that the process of deformation of osteoarthritis has begun and the amplitude of active movements of the hand in space is limited.
Grade 3 development causes almost complete loss of mobility in the shoulder joint.The patient has significant muscle atrophy and loss of self-care.Another characteristic symptom is the appearance of bony protrusions on the surface of the bone.The possibility that the disease will go to this day also exists in people who do not have the opportunity to minimize the load on their upper limbs during professional activity or professional sports.
Diagnosis of arthrosis of the shoulder joint
Making a diagnosis of arthrosis of the shoulder joint is a procedure that requires certain skills of the specialist.It is advisable to consult an orthopedic traumatologist after the appearance of pain in the upper limbs.Doctors with full range of knowledge of this profile.
During the examination, the first thing you should pay attention to is the patient's complaints and medical history.The doctor sees why the pain appears, what its nature is, and what he finds after it disappears.Next, it is necessary to determine occupational hazards and the presence of risk factors.
The main diagnostic method for detecting osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint deformation is a simple X-ray.
The next stage is a physical examination, when a specialist can identify painful areas and determine the full range of active and passive movements in the joint.In addition, the presence of local edema and skin temperature in the projection area of the bone joint is evaluated.Based on the obtained information, the doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis, but differential diagnosis is required to determine the most adequate therapy.
To make the most correct diagnosis, determine the degree and cause of the process, various additional laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are performed on the patient.
Most information includes:
- Clinical blood test;
- determination of biochemical parameters of blood serum;
- Clinical urinalysis;
- X-ray of the affected joint;
- ultrasound diagnostics;
- arthroscopic examination;
- magnetic resonance and computed tomography;
- Scintribraphia;
- Biochemical analysis of synovial fluid followed by joint puncture.
The direct development of arthrosis is a significant narrowing of the joint space, sclerosis of subcartilaginous structures, thinning of the chondrocyte layer itself, the appearance of osteophytes and the appearance of salt crystals and the appearance of salt crystals and the appearance of salt crystals and the appearance of salt crystals and the appearance of salt crystals and the appearance of salt crystals.
How to treat arthrosis of the shoulder joint
After making this diagnosis, the doctor faces a serious question of choosing the most suitable therapeutic tactics.Modern medicine has reached a level where it can help patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint is long-term and therefore often leads to the development of complications.
The method chosen to correct arthrosis of the shoulder joint directly depends on the following factors:
- process rate;
- general condition of the patient;
- age;
- Physiological characteristics.
As a rule, it is enough to prescribe drugs of general and local action in the early stages.
In the case of secondary arthrosis of the shoulder joint, it is almost impossible to completely stop the symptoms accompanying the disease.A person is shown a significant reduction in physical activity to prevent further development of the pathological process;In parallel, a number of drugs are prescribed.
The third order is practically not conducive to the conservative effect;In the presence of such an advanced disease, surgical treatment is indicated, the extent of which depends on many factors and is chosen directly by the attending physician.Next, we will talk in more detail about each of the available methods to get rid of arthrosis.
Medicines
The following drug groups are used as conservative therapy in the presence of this disease:
- glucocorticoids;
- non-steroidal drugs with anti-inflammatory effects;
- analgesics;
- Drugs with chondroselective effects.
Drugs belonging to this group have more anti-inflammatory effect than non-steroidal drugs.
Glucocorticoids are recognized as the most effective anti-inflammatory agents.This natural and synthetic analogue of adrenal hormones can significantly affect the production of inflammatory neurotransmitters.It reduces local swelling, pain and temperature in the affected area of the musculoskeletal system.
The disadvantages of this treatment include many side effects of glucocorticoids.Administered drugs can cause Cushing's syndrome, disrupt the general metabolism and cause water retention.In this regard, it is recommended to start treatment with NSAIDS prescription.
Steroid drugs with anti-inflammatory effects directly affect cyclooxygenase molecules, which promote inflammation in injured tissues.
Selective drugs that do not have a harmful effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive system are preferred.
Depending on the severity of the patient's condition and the severity of the pain syndrome, narcotic and non-narcotic pain relievers are used.
The first group is considered more effective, but the side effects of drug addiction lead to the need to severely limit the possibilities of use.
Opioid drugs have a less pronounced analgesic effect, but they are not addictive, so they can be prescribed more widely.
It is extremely important not to use chondroselective agents during the acute period of the disease, because it can lead to an increase in inflammatory processes.It is necessary to stop the attack and then prescribe a long course of medication that restores the structure of the joint.
Surgery
In some cases, surgical correction of a patient's condition with shoulder arthrosis is indicated.This invasive method is used directly in the joints in the presence of a severe destructive process.Often, patients undergoing surgical treatment are unable to perform daily tasks due to severe limitations of active and passive shoulder movements.
After the final diagnosis is made, all the measurements are taken to select the optimal parameters for the future prosthesis.Next, a transplant made of high-strength polymers or titanium is ordered.
Surgery for arthrosis of the shoulder joint is performed in the terminal stages of the disease.
The surgical intervention is quite extensive, so the patient goes through a long period of preparation.Complete replacement of the affected bone joint is carried out with a period of physical therapy, which allows the upper extremity construction to function fully.
Therapeutic exercise
These are physical exercises that allow you to restore mobility in the shoulder in the shortest time not only after surgical treatment, but also during the drug effect on the disease.Specially developed complexes relieve morning stiffness, allow normalization of blood supply, normalization of lymphatic drainage and normal composition of synovial fluid.
It is extremely important that rotation and additional movements in the upper extremity are carried out without additional loads, because otherwise there is a high probability of additional trauma and cartilage destruction.Rehabilitation specialists are engaged in the development of special complexes of physical therapy.
Each clinical case requires an individual approach, so if you have a disease or want to prevent its development, seek help from this doctor.
Recommendations for home treatment
Any disease should be treated in a hospital under the supervision of highly qualified medical personnel.However, in some cases, the patient does not have the opportunity to stay in the clinic for a long time.In such cases, you should monitor your recovery process independently.
Physical exercises for deforming arthrosis of the shoulder joint are extremely important because they slow down the progression of the disease.
The following recommendations should be followed:
- strictly follow the instructions and prescriptions of the attending physician;
- Limit the affected arm from physical activity as much as possible;
- Get rid of excess body weight with a slight calorie deficit and walking in the fresh air;
- divide the daily amount of food into 5-6 meals;
- drink at least 2 liters of water daily;
- Change the type of work activity to one that requires minimal load on the upper extremities.
Folk treatment
Many elderly people know from their own experience arthrosis of the shoulder joint and how to treat it at home.In addition to the described recommendations for changing the type of work activity and getting rid of excess body weight, traditional medicine has all the healing agents that help reduce pain and swelling in the affected limbs.For this purpose, various ointments, decoctions, compresses and baths are used.These are the treatment methods that we will discuss in more detail.
Maz
Alternative medicine has many original and effective recipes for the preparation of anti-inflammatory ointments.The simplest method involves mixing one egg yolk with one teaspoon of turpentine and the same amount of apple cider vinegar.Applying the ointment to the affected area at night will significantly reduce pain and inflammation.
Another good remedy for the treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint is a mixture of fifty grams of elecampane and one hundred milliliters of vodka.After mixing the components and letting them brew for 12 days, you should apply the resulting ointment every day to the projection area of the inflamed bone joint.
Acids and tinctures
December and tinctures play a key role in folk medicine.To prepare and at the same time, the most effective infusion for arthrosis is considered to be a mixture of one tablespoon of ground agave leaves with 70% ethyl alcohol in 150 milliliters.After pouring the medicine for two weeks, twenty drops should be consumed orally with water for thirty days.
There is a good tool for depositors.To do this, you will need two tablespoons of lingonberry leaves and half a liter of boiling water.After mixing the ingredients, let them brew overnight in a thermos.Then take 150 ml of the product three times a day immediately after meals.The course of treatment is 30 days.
Squeezes and rubs
Various compresses are used to reduce pain and inflammation in the area of the shoulder joint affected by arthrosis.One of the most effective is considered to be a mixture of one liter of vodka and one hundred grams of ginger.The medicine should be poured for two weeks, after which it should be used every evening before going to bed.
Another simple and effective tool is a compress mixed with a small amount of water until it is mixed with a purified amount of water.Put a handful of medicine in a cause gland and apply it to the inflamed joint for 20-30 minutes.
Bathroom
Baths are widely used to treat various diseases of the musculoskeletal system.Due to its complex effect, it can have a good anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effect.
Preparing a bath is quite simple;To do this, follow these tips:
- Fill the bath with hot water;
- add a kilogram of sea or regular kitchen salt to it;
- Throw in a few pine branches;
- Pour a few teaspoons into the bowl;
- Finally, add a teaspoon of turpentine oil.
The treatment course consists of twelve baths.The duration of one procedure should be about twenty minutes.Already from the first use of a therapeutic bath, the patient feels a significant improvement in the general condition and a decrease in discomfort in the joints.
Prevention
Modern medicine still does not have special measures to prevent arthrosis.This is due to the polyetiological nature of the pathology.However, there are special measures that can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease.There is primary and secondary prevention.
The first includes:
- Walks outside daily;
- the use of a contrast shower, which allows to achieve increased vascular tone;
- gentle treatment of joints, avoiding excessive physical activity;
- Moderate exercise 2-3 times a week.
The second group includes:
- complete and comprehensive treatment of arthritic processes;
- regular intake of calcium supplements;
- prescription of dietary supplements;
- Physical therapy.